Of the 60 research papers currently detailed on this site, full copies are available of 11 papers. This page displays the download details for those papers (ordered by title).
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Aerobic Training by Patients With Postpoliomyelitis Sequelae
Author(s): Jones DR, Speier J, Canine K, Owen R, Stull GA
Affiliation(s): Sister Kenny Institute, Minneapolis, Minn (Mr Jones and Drs Speier, Canine, and Owen)
School of Health Related Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo (Dr Stull)
Publication(s): The Journal of the American Medical Association
Citation: JAMA. 1989 Jun 9;261(22):3255-58
AbstractWe examined the cardiorespiratory responses of 16 patients with postpoliomyelitis sequelae to a 16-week aerobic exercise program. The patients exercised at 70% of maximal heart rate. Dependent variables were resting and maximal heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum carbon dioxide consumption, respiratory quotient, and maximum expired volume per unit time. The exercise group was superior to the control group in watts, exercise time, maximum expired volume per unit time, and maximum oxygen consumption. No untoward events or loss of leg strength occurred as a result of the exercise regimen. We conclude that the aerobic training program employed in this study is a safe, short-term procedure and that patients with postpolio sequelae respond to training in a manner similar to healthy adults.
The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher
Click here to download
Coping with the late effects: differences between depressed and nondepressed polio survivors
Author(s): Tate D, Kirsch N, Maynard F, Peterson C, Forchheimer M, Roller A, Hansen N
Affiliation(s): Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Publication(s): American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Feb;73(1):27-35
AbstractThis study examined differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals with a history of paralytic poliomyelitis in terms of demographics, health status and coping strategies. The prevalence of distress and depression in this group of 116 polio survivors was determined. Subjects completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Coping with Disability Inventory and a questionnaire concerning their polio histories and self-perceptions of health. Medical assessments were performed by physicians. Only 15.8% of the sample had scores indicating depression and elevated distress. Depressed/distressed polio survivors were more likely to: be living alone, be experiencing further health status deterioration, seek professional help, view their health as poor, report greater pain, be less satisfied with their occupational status and their lives in general and exhibit poorer coping outcome behaviors in relation to their disability. Three factors in coping with the late effects of polio were identified through a factor analysis of the Coping with Disability Inventory: positive self-acceptance, information seeking/sharing about the disability and social activism. Differences between depressed/distressed and other polio survivors were found across these three factors, with depressed/distressed subjects having significantly lower coping scores. These and other results are discussed.
The full paper is available from Polio Australia for private study purposes
Franklin D Roosevelt’s Shangri-La: Foreshadowing the Independent Living Movement in Warm Springs, Georgia, 1926-1945
Author(s): Holland, D
Affiliation(s): Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
Publication(s): Disability & Society
Citation: Disability & Society. 2006 Aug; 21(5):513-35
AbstractAmerican President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is well known to have disguised and minimized his disability in his role as a political leader. Less well known is the remarkable nature of the colony he established for people with disabilities from polio in Warm Springs, Georgia in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. The colony at Warm Springs represents a unique historical community in which disability was not stigmatized; where people with disabilities controlled their own resources and their own lives; and where the medical model of disability was repudiated. As such, the Warm Springs community represents a remarkable period and place in disability history that warrants continued study. New evidence drawn from the archives of the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation, the FDR Presidential Library in Hyde Park, New York and the personal scrapbooks of former residents of the Warm Springs colony provides further support for the theory that FDR's Warm Springs colony represented an early precursor to the philosophies and values promoted by the Independent Living Movement that emerged 50 years later. The Warm Springs colony offered an unprecedented approach to rehabilitation and independent living for people with disabilities from polio in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, and because of this provides an invaluable lesson from history that deserves ongoing attention.
The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher
Click here to visit the download site
Living with the late effects of disability: A five-year follow-up survey of coping among post-polio survivors
Author(s): Westbrook M, McIlwain D
Affiliation(s): Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney
Publication(s): Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
Citation: Aust Occup Ther J. 1996 June;43(2):60-71
AbstractA follow-up survey of 176 people aged 33–77 yrs with postpolio syndrome found that while they were experiencing significantly less anxiety, uncertainty, depression, and helplessness concerning their increasing disability than 5 yrs ago, their feelings of anger persisted. Relationships were found between coping styles, breadth of coping attempted, and emotions experienced. Specifically, a coping style of focusing on symptoms while attempting to maintain previous activity levels characterized people who felt more helpless, depressed, and angry. Those who coped by accommodating to their symptoms had adopted more strategies. Coping strategies involving lifestyle and personal changes were rated as more effective than many treatments and interpersonal strategies. Findings highlight the need for health practitioners to tap into clients' knowledge when designing and evaluating appropriate rehabilitation programs.
The full paper is available from Polio Australia for private study purposes
Polioencephalitis, stress, and the etiology of post-polio sequelae
Author(s): Bruno RL, Frick NM, Cohen J
Affiliation(s): Post-Polio Rehabilitation and Research Service, Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, East Orange, NJ 07018
Publication(s): Orthopedics
Citation: Orthopedics. 1991 Nov; 14(11):1269-76
AbstractPost-mortem neurohistopathologies that document polio virus-induced lesions in reticular formation and hypothalamic, thalamic, peptidergic, and monoaminergic neurons in the brain are reviewed from 158 individuals who contracted polio before 1950. This polioencephalitis was found to occur in every case of poliomyelitis, even those without evidence of damage to spinal motor neurons. These findings, in combination with data from the 1990 National Post-Polio Survey and new magnetic resonance imaging studies documenting post-encephalitis-like lesions in the brains of polio survivors, are used to present two hypotheses: 1) polioencephalitic damage to aging reticular activating system and monoaminergic neurons is responsible for post-polio fatigue, and 2) polioencephalitic damage to enkephalin-producing neurons is responsible for hypersensitivity to pain in polio survivors. In addition, the antimetabolic action of glucocorticoids on polio-damaged, metabolically vulnerable neurons may be responsible for the fatigue and muscle weakness reported by polio survivors during emotional stress.
The full text of this paper has been generously made available by Dr Bruno
Click here to download
Post-polio sequelae: physiological and psychological overview
Author(s): Frick NM, Bruno RL
Affiliation(s): Not stated
Publication(s): Rehabilitation Literature
Citation: Rehabil Lit. 1986 May-Jun; 47(5-6):106-11
AbstractWhen the Salk and Sabin vaccines brought an end to the annual summer nightmare of polio epidemics, most Americans simply forgot about polio. Even many of those who had paralytic poliomyelitis put the disease out of their minds once they had achieved maximum recovery of function. Unfortunately, polio has again forced itself into the nation's consciousness. Over the past five years, many of those who had polio have been experiencing new and unexpected symptoms that range in severity from being merely unpleasant to severely debilitating.
The full text of this paper has been generously made available by Dr Bruno
Click here to download
Postpolio syndrome and anesthesia
Author(s): Lambert DA, Giannouli E, Schmidt BJ
Affiliation(s): Department of Anesthesia, University of Manitoba, Canada
Publication(s): Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists
Citation: Anesthesiology. 2005 Sep;103(3):638-44
AbstractThe development of polio vaccines 50 years ago essentially halted childhood polio epidemics in the industrialized world. During the past quarter century, a constellation of delayed neuromuscular symptoms, called postpolio syndrome, became recognized among the aging polio survivors. The prevalence of postpolio syndrome in the US population is estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands. The most common symptoms are fatigue, pain, and new onset weakness thought to be related to delayed deterioration of motor neuron function. When a patient with postpolio syndrome presents for surgery, special precautions are warranted, because these patients may have respiratory impairment, sleep apnea, swallowing difficulties, and cold intolerance. This article first reviews clinical features and some pathoetiologic theories of postpolio syndrome and then focuses on anesthetic considerations including the use of common anesthetics, neuromuscular blockade, regional anesthesia, and general anesthetic management strategies.
The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher
Click here to download
Postpolio syndrome: unanswered questions regarding cause, course, risk factors, and therapies
Author(s): Nollet F
Affiliation(s): Not stated
Publication(s): The Lancet Neurology
Citation: Lancet Neurol. 2010 Jun;9(6):561-3 - Comment on: Lancet Neurol. 2010 Jun;9(6):634-42
AbstractLiving with the consequences of poliomyelitis is not recognised as an important health issue at present. However, millions of people worldwide have lasting impairments caused by polio infection, many of whom also had a decline in muscle function and decline in activities of daily living after years of stable functioning.
The full text of this paper has been generously made available by the publisher (requires free registration)
Click here to download
Prevalence and associated features of depression and psychological distress in polio survivors
Author(s): Tate DG, Forchheimer M, Kirsch N, Maynard F, Roller A
Affiliation(s): Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
Publication(s): Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Oct;74(10):1056-60
AbstractThis cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of psychological distress and depression among 116 polio survivors. It investigates demographic, medical, and coping differences between subjects with (n = 17) and without (n = 99) these symptoms. Subjects were administered the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Coping with Disability Inventory (CDI), and a questionnaire about their polio histories. The BSI provided measures of psychological distress and depression that defined the subgroups. The CDI assessed coping behaviors. BSI scores for the overall sample were within the normal range indicating no major distress, depression, nor elevated somatic complaints. Several significant differences were found between the two subgroups. On average, depressed/distressed subjects reported an increase in pain (p < .01) and further deterioration of their medical status since the time of their physical best subsequent to the onset of polio (p < .01). They consistently rated their health as poorer than did nondepressed/nondistressed subjects (p < .001). They also reported less satisfaction with life and their occupational status (p < .001) and displayed poorer coping behaviors combined (p < .001). Selected variables such as life satisfaction, pain, decrease in activity, and current living situation accounted for 51% of the variance when predicting distress and depression among this group of polio survivors.
The full paper is available from Polio Australia for private study purposes
Recognizing typical coping styles of polio survivors can improve re-rehabilitation – A commentary
Author(s): Maynard FM, Roller S
Affiliation(s): Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0491
Publication(s): American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Citation: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Apr;70(2):70-2
AbstractThis paper does not have an abstract
The full paper is available from Polio Australia for private study purposes
The psychology of polio as prelude to post-polio sequelae: behavior modification and psychotherapy
Author(s): Bruno RL, Frick NM
Affiliation(s): Post-Polio Rehabilitation and Research Service, Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, East Orange, NJ
Publication(s): Orthopedics
Citation: Orthopedics. 1991 Nov; 14(11):1185-93
AbstractEven as the physical causes and treatments for post-polio sequelae (PPS) are being identified, psychological symptoms – chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and compulsive, Type A behavior – are becoming evident in polio survivors. Importantly, these symptoms are not only causing marked distress but are preventing patients from making the lifestyle changes necessary to treat their PPS. Neither clinicians nor polio survivors have paid sufficient attention to the acute polio experience, its conditioning of life-long patterns of behavior, its relationship to the development of PPS, and its effect on the ability of individuals to cope with and treat their new symptoms. We describe the acute polio and post-polio experiences on the basis of patient histories, relate the experience of polio to the development of compulsive, Type A behavior, link these behaviors to the physical and psychological symptoms reported in the National Post-Polio Surveys, and present a multimodal behavioral approach to treatment.
The full text of this paper (as revised 7 February 2000) has been generously made available by Dr Bruno
Click here to download
Return to Polio Research Papers – Overview
Return to Polio Books, Research Papers and Reports